Regulating apparatus.



No. 833,760. PATENTED OCT. 23, 1906. E. A. SPERRY.

REGULATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED mm: a, 1905 WITNESSES: 2 //w NTOB in w 1151.);

' ATTORNEYS will be exemplified in the apparatus and devices hereinafterdescribed and the scope of matic view of the same.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELMER A. SPERRY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO SAFETY OAR HEATING &LIGHTING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

REGULATING' APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented 001;.23, 1906.

Application filed June 6, 1905. Serial No. 263,967.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ELMER A. SPERRY, residing at Cleveland, in thecounty of Guyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Regulating Apparatus, of which the'following is afull, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to electrical apparatus. One of the objectsthereof is to provide circuit breaking and making means of increasedsimplicity and efficiency.

Another object isto provide means of the above type for reversing theconnections of an external circuit with a dynamo.

Another object is to provide means for utilizing the functions of theabove means.

Another object is to provide voltage-regulating means of simpleconstruction and efficient action.

Other objects will be in in part pointed out hereina 'ter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts which theapplication of'which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein is shown one of various possibleembodiments of myinvention, Figure 1 is adiagram- Fig. 2 is a diagram:matic view of the connections between certain parts shown in Fig. 1-.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout bothviews. a

As conducing to a betterunderstanding of certain features of myinvention, it may here be noted that if a circuit be completed andbroken upon a metallic surface there is a tendency to burn and pit thissurface on account of the small are which forms upon the making, and.more particularly upon the breaking, of a circuit at this point. Thisaction tends to in'ure the parts exposed thereto and gradually toincrease the resistance of the circuit at thispoint, and in certainforms of electrical apparatus wherein the circuits are frequently openedand closed the effects thereof are correspondingly promiart obvious andnent. The above and other defects are remedied in constructions of thenature ofthat hereinafter described.

Referring now to the drawings, there .is shown at 1 a generator havingin series with its shunt-field 2 a variable resistance 3 thefield-circuit being completed throu h a pivoted arm 4, hereinafterreferred to. enerator-leads 5 and 6 terminate in a doublepole switch 7,adapted to make and break circuit with the mains 8 and 9 ,across whichare bridged any desired form of currentutilizing devices 10. At certainoints 11 and 12 between whichit is assume that it is desired to maintaina substantially constant potential there is bridged across the mains amagnet 13 in series with a resistance 14 of such magnitude as to causethe field of the magnet to'be substantially proportionate to the voltagebetween these points. Likewise leading from points 11 and 12 areconductors 15 and 16, across which are shunted tlie. field-magnets 17 ofa dynamo 18. It

. shown. Between fields 17 is positioned an armature 19, controlling, bymeans of a worm 20 and toothed sector 21, theiposition of the arm4Qabove referred to.

Upon the shaft of dynamo 18 are commutating means, preferably comprisinga pair of commutators 22 and 23, the segments of which areinterconnected, preferably as indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Byreference to this figure it will be seen that in this illustrativeembodiment each segment "of commutator 22 is in electrical connectionwith the diametrically opposite segment of commutator 23, the connectedsegments being denoted by similar characters upon the drawings.

Recurring to Fig. 1' of the drawings, there is shown pivotally mountedadjacent magnet 13 upon a lu 24 an arm or lever 25, having articulatedtl iereto at the point 26 the movable core 27 of the magnet. Anadjustable spring 28 is arranged so as normally to compensate for'theweight of the arm 25 and may here be noted that the term dynamospectively pivoted the cross-bars 31 and 32.

vention lies principally in the broad idea, it

ing equalized, owing to the pivotal connecparts associated therewith,thus adapting the same to be controlled in, position in-accordance withthe field of the magnet 13. The free end of pivoted lever 25 terminatesin a pair of arms 29 and 30, upon which are re- Afixed to cross-bar 31are relatively insulated brushes 33 and 34, electrically connected withthe conductors iand 16 and adapt ed to coact, respectively, with thecommutators 22 and 23. Likewise mounted upon cross-bar32 are brushes 35and 36, connected in a similar manner to conductors 15 and 16,respectively, and adapted to be swung into operative engagement with theneighboring commutators 22 and 23. The brushes 33 and 35, and likewisebrushes 34 and 36, are, however, so spaced from one another as toposition them, with the lever in its normal intermediate position, outof contact with either commutator, this position being shown in thedrawings. Formed upon the field magnets 17 or magnetically connectedtherewith are projections 37, positioned closely adjacent thecommutators and brushes and adapted to act as magnetic blowouts for theslight are which might be formed upon the breaking of the circuitsbetween these parts. Owing to the peculiar brush arrangement shown,these projections are positioned with respect to the correspondingbrushes upon What is termed the leaving side, or that side of thebrushes from which the.;coacting surfaces of the correspondingcommutators rotate, thus rendering their action more effective. Theseprojections may be of any desired shape, the precise construction notbeing here shown, as this feature of my in being necessary only to avoida material dis tortion of the dynamo-field and'an undue shunting of themagnetic flux about the armature.

The mode of operation of the-above-described embodiment of my inventionis substantially as follows: Assuming the double- 'pole switch 7 to beclosed and thev enerator 1 to be running under normal con itions, theresistance '14 is of such proportions as to hold the pivoted lever 25 inan intermediate posi tion, with the several brushes above described outof contact with the corresponding commutators. If, however, as onaccount of an increase in load between the mains, there is a tendencytoward a drop in volta e, the field of magnet 13 will be correspon inglyweakened, permitting the brushes 33 and 34 to fall into contact with thecorrespondin commutators, the pressures of each ofthese rushes a ainstthe commutatorsbetion of the cross-bar 31. The windings are so arrangedas to cause the armature of dynamo 18 upon the above operation takingplace to rotate in 'such 'direction as to cause the arm 4 to outresistance out of the field of generator 1, thus resulting in a strongerfield for the generator and enabling the same to maintain the desiredpotential between points 11 and 12. When this voltage has been reached,the field of magnet 13 is correspondingly strengthened, the brushes 33and 3a drawn from their commutators, and the dynamo 18 stopped. if, onthe other hand, the potential between the points 11 and 12 tends to riseabove the desired standard, the

abnormally powerful field of magnet 13 causes, through the raising ofcore 27, an engagement-of brushes 35 and 36 with the adjacentcommutators. This action relative to that above described, as will beseen from an inspection of the connections set forth in the drawings, isequivalent, in effect, to a rotation of the brushes throughout an angleof one hundredand eighty degrees with the bipolar dynamo herein shown,or, in other words, a reversal of the connections between the leads 15and 16 and the armature. The

dynamo-armature is thus caused to rotate in 36 fall away from thecorresponding eommu' tators, due to the weakening of the field of magnet13, and the dynamo-armature ceases to rotate.

Owing to the fact that the circuit-is broken when the dynamo is stoppedat the slidingcontact formed by the commutators and coacting brushes,any sli ht burning of the partswhich may take p ace at this point isrendered insignificant because itis distributed over a number ofsegments or considerable surface and by reason of the considerablegrinding and burnishing to which the meet- 'ing surfaces are exposed.

a t will thus beseen that I have provided means well adapted toaccomplish the objects of my invention and which ossess many advantages,some of which wil be clearly apparent from the above description andsome of which can be appreciated only by'those having an intimateunderstanding of the practical difiiculties to be met; The voltagebetween the mains is maintained substantiall constant owing to thesensitive'and yet 051- tively-acting arrangement-of the centre lingapparatus above described. The dynamo re 'ersing feature, moreover,possesses in itself many advantages, owing to the direct control at thebrushes as well as the general efficiency and simplicity of its action.The contacting surfaces, moreover, as above indicated, tendautomatically to maintain themselves in a highly eflicient state, owingto the constant gnnding and rubbing to which they are exposed during theaction of the dynamo, Also the magnetic blow-out, in which the use ofthe scope thereof, I intend that all matter; contained in the abovedescription or shown in the accompanying. drawings shall be interpretedas illustrative and not in a limiting sense. I desire it also to beunderstood that the languageused in the following claims is intended tocover all of the generic and specific features of the inventi on hereindescribed and all statements of the scope of the invention, which, as amatter of language,n1igl1tbe said to fall therebetween.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. In combination, a dynamo, a pair of commutators driven therewith,each of the segments of one of said commutators being connected with asegment of the other thereof angularly spaced with reference thereto, apair of brushes adapted to coact simultaneously with both of saidcommutators, a second pair of brushes adapted simultaneously to coactwith both of said commutators and angularly spaced from said first pairof brushes, and means adapted automatically to throw said pairs ofbrushes alternately into operative relation tosaid commutators.

2. In combination, a dynamo, a pair of commutators driven therewith,each of the segments of one of said commutators being connected with asegment of the other thereof angularly spaced with reference'thereto, apair of brushes adapted to coact simultaneously with both of saidcommutators, a second pair of brushes adapted simultaneously tocoactwith both of said commutators and angularly spaced from said firstpair of brushes,

and means adapted automatically to throw said pairs of brushesalternatively into 'operative relation to said commutators, the angu--lar spacing of said commutators and of said pairs of brushes beingequal.

3 In combination, a dynamo, a pair of cylindrical commutators driventherewith,

each of the segments ofone of said commutators being connected with adiametrically opposite segment of the other thereof, a pair 0 rushesadapted to coact with both of said commutators upon one'side thereof,apair of brushes adapted to coact with both of said commutators u on thediametrically oppo site side thereo and means adaptedautomatically tothrow said pairs of brushes alternatively into operative relation tosaid commutators. 7

4. In combination, a dynamo, a pair of cylindrical commutators driventherewith, each of the segments of one of said commutators beingconnected with a diametrically opposite segment of the other thereof, apair of brushes adapted to coact with both of said commutators upon oneside thereof, a pair of brushes adapted to coact with both of saidcommutators upon the diametrically opposite side thereof, separate meansconnecting the brushes of'each pair, and means pivotally connected witheach .of said connections adapted alternatively to throw said pairs ofbrushes into operative relation to said commutators.

5,7 In combination, an armature, commu tating means connected therewith,a pair of brushes adapted to contact said commutating means upon thesame side thereof and complete a circuit through said armature,

and means adapted to equalize the pressures of said brushes upon saidcommutating means.

6. In combination, an armature, a pair of commutators connectedtherewith, each segment of one of said commutators being connected witha segment of the other thereof angularly spaced with reference thereto,a pair of brushes adapted to contact said commutators and complete acircuit through said armature, amember connecting said brushes, andmeans pivotally connected with said member adapted to force said brushesinto engagement with the corresponding tors having a portion adjacentthe meeting surfaces of said brushes and said commutating means.

8. Incombination, a dynamo, a pair of commutators driven therewith, eachof the segments of one of said commutators being connected with asegment of "the other thereof angularly spaced with reference thereto, a

pair of brushes each of which is adapted to coact with one of saidcommutators, and means adapted to equalize the pressures of said brushesupon said commutators.

9. In combination, 'a dynamo, commutating means connected therewith, aplurality of sets of brushes adapted to coact there-r with, meansadapted to throw said brushes into and out of circuit with said dynamoin sets, and means adapted to equalize the sea-rec pressures oi thebrushes of each set against said eommutating means.

10. In combination, a dynamo, commutating means connected therewith,brushes adapted to coact With said commutating means and seriallycomplete a circuit through said dynamo, means adapted simultaneously tothrow. said brushes into and out of engagement with said commutatingmeans, and means adapted to equalize the pressures of said brushesagainst said commutating means.

11. In combination, a dynamo, commutating means connected therewith, aplurality of sets of brushes adapted to coact With said commutatmgmeans, a single means adapted [sEAn] to throw one of said sets out ofoperative relation to said commutating means and another of said setsinto such relation, means adapted to equalize the pressures of the ELMERA. SPERRY.

Witnesses:

C. H. WARFIELD, C. H. WILsoN.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 833,760, grantedOctober 23, 1906, upon the apblication of Elmer A. Siierry, ofCleveland, Ohio, for an improvement in Regulating Apparatus, an erroroccurs in the printed. specification requiring correction, as follows:In line 39,.page 3, the word alternately should read alternatively; andthat the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction thereinthat the same may conform to the record of the case in the PatentOfiice.

Signedand sealed this 6th day of November, A.,, 1)., 1906.

E.- B. Moons, Acting Commissioner 'of Patents.

brushes of each of said sets against said com- I

